BIOLOGY 102 UNIT IV OUTLINE

 
The animal kingdom (overview)
     Parazoa (subkingdom)
          Porifera
     Mesozoa
          simple endoparasites (50 species)
     Eumetazoa
          All other animals
     Ediacarian fauna (Australia)
     Burgess shale (Canada)
     Classification criteria
          embryology
          biochemistry
          genetics
Parazoa
     Organization on tissue level
     Porifera - Vase sponges
          Epidermal cells
          Porocytes
          Choanocytes
          Amoebocytes
          Osculum
          Spicules
               calcarious
               silicate
               spongin
     Sexual reproduction
          ciliated swimming larvae
     Assexual reproduction
          gemmules
Eumetazoa
     Cnidaria
          Radial symmetry
          Forms
               Polyp
               Medusa
          Tissues
               Ectoderm
                    Epidermis
                    Cnidoblasts
                    nematocysts
               Mesoglea
                    Contractile fibers
                    Nerve fiber network
                    Amoeboid cells
               Endoderm
                    Nutritive cells
                    Sensory receptors
               Gastrovascular cavity     
          Larvae - planula
          Hydrozoa
               Hydra
               Obelia
               Man-of-war
 
          Scyphozoa
               Jellyfish
          Anthozoa
               Corals 
               Sea anemone
     Ctenophora
          Comb jellies
Acoelomates
     Platyhelminthes
          Tissues
               Endoderm
               Mesoderm
               Ectoderm
          Organ level structure
          Bilateral symmetry
          Turbellaria
               Planaria
                    Organ systems
                         Nervous
                         Digestive
                         Excretory
                         Reproductive
          Trematoda
               Liver fluke
               Schistosoma
          Cestoda
               Tapeworm
     Nemertines  (Rhychocoela)
          Ribbon worms
Pseudocoelomates
     Nematoda
          Ascaris
          Hookworm
          Trichina (Trichonella)
     Acanthocephala
          Spiny-headed worms
     Rotifera
Coelomates
     Protostomes vs. deuterostomes
     Mollusks
          Characteristics
               Torshion
               Mantle and mantle cavity
               Visceral mass
               Foot
               Radula
               Larval development - trochophore
          Monoplacophores
               Neopilina
          Polyplacophores
               Chitons
          Scaphopods
          Bivalves
          Gastropods
          Cephalopods
     Annelids - segmented worms
          Polychaetes
               Sandworms
               Tube worms
          Hirudineans
               Leeches
          Oligochaetes
               Earthworms
                    Nervous system
                    Circulatory system
                    Digestive system
                    Muscular system
                    Reproductive system
     Arthropods
          Characteristics
               Chitinous exoskeleton
               Jointed appendages
          Organ systems
               Respiratory
               Circulatory
               Nervous
               Excretory          
          Chilopoda
               Centipedes
          Diplopoda
               Millipedes
          Crustacea
               Crabs, lobster and creyfish, shrimp, etc.
          Insecta - approximately 30 orders
               metamorphosis
                    partial
                    complete
               Diversity and adaptations
Deuterostomes
     Echinoderms
          Water vascular system
          Dermal branchiae
          Asteriodea - Sea stars
          Ophiuroidea - Brittle stars
          Echinoidea - Sand dollars and sea urchins
          Crinoidea - Sea lillies
          Holothuroidea - Sea cucumbers
     Hemichordata
          Acorn worms
     Chordata
          Characteristics
               Notachord
               Dorsal nerve cord
               Gill slits
               Myotomes
               Post anal tail
          Subphyla
               Cephalochordata
               Urochordata
               Vertebrata
                    Classes of vertebrates
                         Ostracoderms - extinct
                         Placoderms - extinct
                         Agnatha - lamprey
                         Chondrichthyes
                              cartilaginous fish
                         Osteichthyes
                              bony fish
                              buoyancy control 
                         Amphibians
                              frogs and salamanders
                         Reptiles
                              lizards, snakes, turtles, 
                              dinosaurs
                         Aves - Birds
                              Homeothermic
                         Mammals
                            Subclasses of mammals
                              Monotremes - platypus
                              Marsupials
                              Placentals
                                 Orders of placentals
                                   Insectivores 
                                   Chiroptera - bats
                                   Carnivora
                                   Rodentia
                                   Edentata
                                   Perissodactyla
                                   Artiodactyla
                                   Proboscidea
                                   Cetacea
                                   Lagomorpha
                                   Primates