BIOLOGY 102 UNIT II OUTLINE

 
The Plant Kingdom
 Common characteristics
 Ancestors
 Transition to land
 Bryophytes
 Characteristics
 Fossil record
 Alternation of generation
 Sexual reproduction
 Early tracheophytes
 Rhynia (fossils)
 Modern descendants
 Psilophytes
 Psilotum
 Lycophytes
 Lycopodium
 Equiphytes
 Equisetum
  Ferns
 life cycle
 Permian-Triassic extinction event
 Geological and climatic factors
 Evolution of seed plants
 Mesozoic forests
 Gymnosperms
 Ginkgoales
 Ginkgo biloba
 Cycads
 Gnetophytes
 advanced xylem
 Conifers 
 life cycle
 ovulate cone
 megaspores
  (gametophyte)
 pollen
 staminate cone
 microspores 
 (gametophyte)
 ovule
 Mesozoic-cenozoic extinction (comet?)
 Modern flora - flowering plants
 Angiosperms
 Monocots
 Dicots
 Flowers
 function
 anatomy
 receptacle
  whorls
 stamen
 pistil
 Fruit
 function
 
 Life cycle of angiosperms
 Egg development (ovary)
 Megaspore mother cells (diploid)
 Formation of megaspores (haploid)
 Embryo sac (8 nucleate)
 endosperm nucleus
 egg nucleus
 Pollen development (anther)
 Microspore mother cells (diploid)
 Formation of microspores (haploid)
 Formation of pollen grain 
 Tube nucleus
  Sperm nucleus
 Pollination
 Fertilization
 formation of zygote
 endosperm formation
 Embryology of dicot
 Proembryo
 Endosperm
 Meristem development
 apical
 epicotyl
 hypocotyl
 ground
  Cotyledons
 Embryology of a monocot
 Seed dormancy
 Fruit development
 Simple
 Aggregate
 Multiple
  Germination
 stimulus
 Growth pattern in seedlings
 monocot
 dicot