BIOLOGY 101 UNIT III OUTLINE

 
BIOLOGY 101 UNIT III OUTLINE
 
The Chemical Basis for Heredity
 Historical perspective
 1869 - Friedrich Miescher
 Chromatin isolation
 1908 - A.E. Garrod
 Inborn Errors in Metabolism
 phenylketonuria
 1928 - Fred Griffith
 Pneumococcus experiments
 1938 - Beadle and Tatum
 Neurospora experiments
  One gene -one enzyme theory
 1944 - O.T. Avery 
 DNA identified as the 
 transforming agent in Griffith's 
 experiments.
 1949 - Linus Pauling
  Isolation of sickle cell 
 hemoglobin 
 1952 - Hershey and Chase
 Bacteriophage experiments
 1953 - Erwin Chargaff
 Chargaff's rule
  1953 - Watson and Crick
 3D structure of DNA
 "The Central Dogma"
 Structure of DNA
 Components
 Phosphate
 Deoxyribose
 Nitrogenous bases
  Purines
 Pyrimidines
 The double helix
 RNA structure
 ribose
 uracil 
 The Central Dogma
 Replication
 Replication complex
 helicase
  polymerase
 Transcription
 RNA polymerase
 Messenger RNA
 Translation
 ribosomes
 The genetic code
 codons
 promoters
  terminators
 introns
 exons
 tailoring
 Translation
 Initiation complex
 Ribosomes
 subunits
 binding sites
 Charged tRNA
 tRNA
 structure
 amino acids
 mRNA
 Initiation
 start codon
 Elongation
 Termination 
 stop codon
  Protein synthesis
 Mutations
 Point mutations
 Frame shift
 Universality
Prokaryotic molecular genetics
 Replication
 Jacob and Monod
 The Lac Operon
 Promoter
 Operator
 Polycistronic gene
 Beta galactosidase
 Galactose permease
 Thiogalactoside transacetylase
 Regulator
 Repressor protein
 The Tryp Operon  
 Active repressor
 Conjugation
 Plasmids
 Transformation
 Viral vectors
 Transduction
 Transposons
 Recombination 
Heredity
 Early theories
 Leeuwenhoek
 animalcules
  Darwin
 blending
 Mendel
 Segregation of alternate factors
 Independent assortment
 Monohybrid cross
 Dihybrid cross
 Gametogenesis
 meiosis
 spermatogenesis
 oogenesis
 Fertilization
 Chromosome number
 Haploidy
 Diploidy
 Polyploidy
 Consequences of sexual reproduction
 Genes and gene interactions
 Homologs
 Dominance
  complete
 incomplete
 codominance
 Multiple alleles
 Epistasis
 Penetrance and expressivity
 Pleiotropy
 Linkage
 Sex determination
 Sex linkage
 Crossing over
 Chromosome mapping
 Karyotyping
 Chromosomal aberrations
 Deletion
 Duplication
 Translocation
 Inversion