Molecular Biology Inorganic molecules Atoms Bonds Covalent Ionic Electrolytes Acids, bases, salts pH scale Nonelectrolytes Water Properties specific heat latent heats action as a solvent Importance to biosphere Water cycle Organic molecules Hydrocarbons Functional groups Biomolecules (organic macromolecules) Carbohydrates monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides Lipidssaturated
unsaturated
phospholipids
Lipoproteins Proteinsamino acids
peptide bonds
protein structure
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
globular
fibrous
Nucleic acids DNA and RNA Nitrogenous basesPurines
Pyrimidines
Cellular biology
Origins Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Organization Size Surface to volume hypothesis Structures Membranes Plasma membrane Phospholipids Proteins Fluid mosaic model Internal membranes Cell wall (plants) Middle lamella Primary cell wall Secondary cell wallPlasmodesmata
Nucleus Nuclear membranepores
Chromatin Nucleolus Cytoplasm Cytoskeletonmicrofibers
microtubules
Vacuoles and vesiclesRibosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex LysosomesPeroxisomes
Mitochondria Plastidschloroplasts
chromoplasts
leucoplasts
MovementCytoplasmic streaming
Cilia and flagellaBasal bodies and centrioles
Transport Passive Bulk flow Diffusion Dialysis Osmosis Carrier assisted transportfacilitated diffusion
Active Membrane pumps Vesicle mediated transportendocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis
Cell Division
Interphase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
MitosisProphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis